Business Operation And Development Human Resource...

Unit Standard 19022 Business Operation and Development – Human Resource Management Jitender Singh Level 6, Credit – 12. Outcome 1: Establish human resource requirements for a business operation. a) Taking into account the sudden drop in students from one of the NZAB main markets in India provide an outline for the most favorable or desirable organization structure for NZAB new current situation. The new organization structure should be outline in term of the functions and the activity of the business operations. Director: - A director is a person from a group of managers who leads or supervisor a particular area of a company, program or project. Administration: - Administration is the process of managing a business or non-profit organization so that it remains stable and continues to grow. The administration of a business includes the performance or management of business organization of people well as the efficient organization of people and other resources to direct activities toward common goals and objectives. Human resources: - human resources are the set of individuals who make up the work force of an organization. Human resources department in organization typically undertake a number of activities, including employee recruitment, training, performance etc. Academic: - It is a division of college faculty devoted to a particular academic under the department course is generally given the name of the study field department such as science,Show MoreRelatedBusiness Operations And Development Human Resource Management Essay2049 Words   |  9 Pages BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT July 11 2015 MANAGE HUMAN RESOURCE AS A MANAGER IN A BUSINESS OPERATION. Unit standard 19022 LEVEL - 6 Version - 3 Credits - 12 Submitted by - Ramanpreet Singh Student ID - ND 15402 Outcome 1: Establish human resource requirements for a business operation a) Taking into account the sudden drop in students from one of NZAB main markets India, provideRead MoreBusiness Operation And Development : Human Resource Management Essay4290 Words   |  18 Pages Student: Tushar Dobariya Student ID (15693) Sub: Business operation and development Human resource management (19022) Question 1:- Answer (A) †¢ The IT program leader should be qualified and well educated as well as well experienced in IT industry. He/ she know basic things of work related to IT such as ZAVA, LINUX, and MICROSOFT. †¢ The program leader of plans and English dialect studies office will take care of English. Follow the instructors and verify that as opposed toRead MoreHuman Resources Management Principles For A Profitable Professional Service Organizations865 Words   |  4 Pagesuse management principles to maximize profitability. The importance of management principles include; â€Å"improves understanding, direction for training of manager, role of management and guide to research in management† (MSG Management Study Guide., 2015). In this paper we will discuss the difference between; human resources management principles compared to operations management principles and project management principles compared to operations management principles. Each of these management principlesRead MoreHuman Resorce Management vs. Operations Management vs.Preoject Management737 Words   |  3 PagesOrlandus Leonard Human Resources Management vs. Operational Management Kaplan University MT 435 Operations Management Human Resources Management and Operational Management are two very distinct managements that are strangely co-dependent of each other in my view. Operations Management is responsible for designing, operating and improving productive systems or in layman’s terms, systems for getting work done. Operations Managers are found in all walks of life. In anything you basically doRead MoreEssay on MBA detail course outline1314 Words   |  6 Pages(Evening): 1.5 years (Quarters, 3, 4, 7, 8 14) General Management 1st Quarter Effective : Spring Quarter 2011 Human Resource Management Finance Accounting Banking Finance †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Research Methods †¢ Research Methods †¢ ResearchRead MoreInformation Technology ( It ) Is A Universal And Versatile Tool1646 Words   |  7 Pageswould lose my way. In addition, I can order pizza or anything else in the internet. In business, we cannot without it. We used for information-based system, intranet, and paperless system at work. We need a financial management system to deal with the financial things, and Decision Support System can help and support the decision and strategy. Along with IT developingï ¼Å'it is more and more important in business. It can strengthen enterprise competitiveness and promote enterprise reform. In the pastRead MoreResource Management At Apple Inc.1146 Words   |  5 PagesResource Management Resource management is another interesting and important topic in the business of various organizations engaged in the manufacturing and sale of goods and service. Several organizations in the technology industry have managed to make investments in this industry, and thus it is important to monitor the use of various resources to avoid wastage. Resource management is currently considered as a strategy that is focused on reducing the cost of production and thus reducing the costRead MoreA Business Life Cycle Of Assessing, Planning, And Acting The Data From The Assessment Phase1383 Words   |  6 PagesThrough a business life cycle of assessing, planning, and acting the data from the assessment phase is key to the success of other two phases. As the business cycles between planning and acting the results of activity need to be analyzed and incorporated into the adjustment of plans. During the assessment phase business leaders place an emphasis on measured business performance analysis to inform the planning phase (or the highest level of planning, strategy development). The empirical data derivedRead MoreTEN OPERATION MANAGEMENT DECISIONS1005 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Definitions of Operations management Operations management  refers to the administration of business practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization.  Operations management  is concerned with converting materials and labor into goods and services as efficiently as possible to maximize the profit of an organization. Operations management  is an area of  management  concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of  production  and redesigning  business operations  inRead MoreWhat Role Do Hrm Practices Play in a Business Decision to Expand Internationally?1327 Words   |  6 PagesPractices Play In A Business Decision To Expand Internationally? Ilein Arteaga 2608214 Florida International University HRM CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION OF BUSINESS Human Resource practices play a great role in the international expansion of businesses. With globalization being the current trend in businesses all over the world, success of international business units depends heavily on the effective performance of the Human Resource department (Edwards Business Operation And Development Human Resource... Student: Tushar Dobariya Student ID (15693) Sub: Business operation and development Human resource management (19022) Question 1:- Answer (A) †¢ The IT program leader should be qualified and well educated as well as well experienced in IT industry. He/ she know basic things of work related to IT such as ZAVA, LINUX, and MICROSOFT. †¢ The program leader of plans and English dialect studies office will take care of English. Follow the instructors and verify that as opposed to enlisting the diverse educator for the study module he can enlist a couple for every one of the four modules with the cooperation of CEO. †¢ The office will take care of the advertising of the school. He/she will manage the advertising director in all the five unique nations. The notice of the school is that more students can take admission in the school. This customized things which correspond by the leader. He will take care for the visa issues of students and with NZQA for the new approaches. The account office will care for the money states of school, charges of student pay of staff. Answer (B). In hierarchical structure of the association the school is managing five nations because of the certain number of student in school need to plan new association structure. as given 70% of the students are coming from India and it`s a sown turn in number so they need to lessen the staff yet and additionally on their hand they need to keep the same nature of instruction. So rather thanShow MoreRelatedBusiness Operations And Development Human Resource Management Essay2049 Words   |  9 Pages BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT July 11 2015 MANAGE HUMAN RESOURCE AS A MANAGER IN A BUSINESS OPERATION. Unit standard 19022 LEVEL - 6 Version - 3 Credits - 12 Submitted by - Ramanpreet Singh Student ID - ND 15402 Outcome 1: Establish human resource requirements for a business operation a) Taking into account the sudden drop in students from one of NZAB main markets India, provideRead MoreBusiness Operation And Development : Human Resource Management Essay4152 Words   |  17 Pages Unit Standard 19022 Business Operation and Development – Human Resource Management Jitender Singh Level 6, Credit – 12. â€Æ' Outcome 1: Establish human resource requirements for a business operation. a) Taking into account the sudden drop in students from one of the NZAB main markets in India provide an outline for the most favorable or desirable organization structure for NZAB new current situation. The new organization structure should be outline in term of the functions and the activityRead MoreHuman Resources Management Principles For A Profitable Professional Service Organizations865 Words   |  4 Pagesuse management principles to maximize profitability. The importance of management principles include; â€Å"improves understanding, direction for training of manager, role of management and guide to research in management† (MSG Management Study Guide., 2015). In this paper we will discuss the difference between; human resources management principles compared to operations management principles and project management principles compared to operations management principles. Each of these management principlesRead MoreHuman Resorce Management vs. Operations Management v s.Preoject Management737 Words   |  3 PagesOrlandus Leonard Human Resources Management vs. Operational Management Kaplan University MT 435 Operations Management Human Resources Management and Operational Management are two very distinct managements that are strangely co-dependent of each other in my view. Operations Management is responsible for designing, operating and improving productive systems or in layman’s terms, systems for getting work done. Operations Managers are found in all walks of life. In anything you basically doRead MoreEssay on MBA detail course outline1314 Words   |  6 Pages(Evening): 1.5 years (Quarters, 3, 4, 7, 8 14) General Management 1st Quarter Effective : Spring Quarter 2011 Human Resource Management Finance Accounting Banking Finance †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Research Methods †¢ Research Methods †¢ ResearchRead MoreInformation Technology ( It ) Is A Universal And Versatile Tool1646 Words   |  7 Pageswould lose my way. In addition, I can order pizza or anything else in the internet. In business, we cannot without it. We used for information-based system, intranet, and paperless system at work. We need a financial management system to deal with the financial things, and Decision Support System can help and support the decision and strategy. Along with IT developingï ¼Å'it is more and more important in business. It can strengthen enterprise competitiveness and promote enterprise reform. In the pastRead MoreResource Management At Apple Inc.1146 Words   |  5 PagesResource Management Resource management is another interesting and important topic in the business of various organizations engaged in the manufacturing and sale of goods and service. Several organizations in the technology industry have managed to make investments in this industry, and thus it is important to monitor the use of various resources to avoid wastage. Resource management is currently considered as a strategy that is focused on reducing the cost of production and thus reducing the costRead MoreA Business Life Cycle Of Assessing, Planning, And Acting The Data From The Assessment Phase1383 Words   |  6 PagesThrough a business life cycle of assessing, planning, and acting the data from the assessment phase is key to the success of other two phases. As the business cycles between planning and acting the results of activity need to be analyzed and incorporated into the adjustment of plans. During the assessment phase business leaders place an emphasis on measured business performance analysis to inform the planning phase (or the highest level of planning, strategy development). The empirical data derivedRead MoreTEN OPERATION MANAGEMENT DECISIONS1005 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Definitions of Operations management Operations management  refers to the administration of business practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization.  Operations management  is concerned with converting materials and labor into goods and services as efficiently as possible to maximize the profit of an organization. Operations management  is an area of  management  concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of  production  and redesigning  business operations  inRead MoreWhat Role Do Hrm Practices Play in a Business Decision to Expand Internationally?1327 Words   |  6 PagesPractices Play In A Business Decision To Expand Internationally? Ilein Arteaga 2608214 Florida International University HRM CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION OF BUSINESS Human Resource practices play a great role in the international expansion of businesses. With globalization being the current trend in businesses all over the world, success of international business units depends heavily on the effective performance of the Human Resource department (Edwards

Speech Benefits Of Video Games Essay - 1255 Words

Outline: Mediated Speech Mohamad Nabil Oueida Topic: Benefits of Video Games Introduction: I-Hey everybody, I’m Mo, and welcome to my channel, let’s get started with the video. II-Today I will be talking about a subject that is pretty dear to me, which are video games. III-All of my life, I’ve been a huge geek when it came to videogames. It helped me cope with life and just like was sort of an escape from reality for me, like games such as Crash Bandicoot, Spyro the Dragon, Pokà ©mon Red and Blue etc.†¦. IV-So because videogames were so good to me over the years, it’s going to be the subject of my first video on this channel. Now let’s get started then. Transition to the actual speech. V-As technology in videogames advances, more and more people are devoting their time and effort to these games, like e-sport competitions with huge amounts of prize money for games like Call-of-Duty, League of Legends and recently Blizzards new game Overwatch. Speed runs of classic games like Legend of Zelda and new games such as Dishonored 2. Videogames have their own community as we can see. VI-Companies like Microsoft, Sony, Nintendo and Blizzard constantly market their games and consoles to potential buyers. So we can see that videogame culture is practically everything that has a screen, and has been integrated into everyday life. VII-But people still accuse videogames of making its players more violent, antisocial, obese and less educated, which is only reallyShow MoreRelatedEssay Video Games Speech Outline728 Words   |  3 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline Matt King CMST 220 Video Game Speech 6-12-13 * Attention grabber/introduction - Slaying dragons, defending your planet from alien invasion, or bouncing on the heads of koopas and saving the same princess who gets caught every time? Sound Familiar? If you’re anything like me you have tried all of these. Of course not literally but I’m sure you have all played a video game that has let you do something crazy and exciting you couldn’t normally do. * Can I getRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Video Games1523 Words   |  7 Pagesto create an increasing number of violent games. It appears that this billion dollar industry has a blatant disregard for the public’s wellbeing. Because of these claims of detrimental effects, anti-game laws have made their way to the Supreme Court. These proposals have been rejected repeatedly. This is not done just because of our right to freedom of speech. These court cases are won by the gaming industry because no link between violent video games and acts of violence have been proven. TheRead MoreRational Choice Theory Criminology1329 Words   |  6 Pagesgave birth to theories that support the concept of free will in relation to the commission of crimes. One of the theories that originated from this concept is the Rational Choice Theory, which predicts that â€Å"criminals will commit crimes when the benefits of doing so outweigh the costs of disobeying the law.† (Schmalleg er, 2016). The Rational Choice Theory explains the cause of crime in more accurate than any of the other theories. Criminologists have discovered and developed many theories andRead MoreVideo Games Are Not Just An Unproductive Waste Of Time1160 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout its conception, video games were viewed by society as a waste of childhood and a plague that limits productivity for adults. In Nicholas Ray’s Rebel without a Cause. James Dean, assumes the role as the protagonist that exemplifies the ideal of cool within the United States during the 1950s. This sort of rebel cool that opposes society and opens individuality forms the base for what I believe is cool. Cool is the act of performing a craft that you love without any need for societal viewsRead MoreViolent Video Games857 Words   |  4 PagesShould Violent Video Games be Banned? â€Å"Learning is a deep human need, like mating and eating, and like all such needs it is meant to be deeply pleasurable to human beings.† ― James Paul Gee, Why Video Games Are Good for Your Soul: Pleasure and Learning. Some people have controversial argument that violent video games should be banned, claiming about the content of video games can change the behavior and attitudes of the players. Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized theirRead MoreVideo Game Effects On Children1229 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Game Effects on Children The effects of video games on children has been widely debated on multiple occasions. Most homes contain at least one video game system. There are plenty of companies involved in the rapidly growing gaming industry. These companies ensure a wide variety of types and genres of video games exist in the world today, and most people, including adults, will have very little difficulty identifying precisely which game is their favourite. The fact of the matterRead MoreHow Technology Can Make Learning More Accessible1658 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement, digital resources, and education. With technology, we are not only learning one manner to do work, but we can learn in various ways: written communication, ever-changing collaborative context and interpersonal skills, and orally through video chat. But is the advancement of literacy good in all aspects? The Elements of Literacy book talks about the levels of education that allow people to achieve a brighter future based on their background and experiences. In the beginning of the bookRead MoreGaming and its Benefits1482 Words   |  6 PagesGaming and its benefits â€Å"You are wasting our time in front of those computers, throwing away our life as we are not getting anything back.† I would hear this every time coming from my parents as I reach for the power button of my laptop. It seems like with the growing belief, â€Å"time is something priceless†, we need not to spend time on wasteful things such as video games. But, why video games receive such an outrage from the people in the first place? Probably because of its long history associatedRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effect On Society1184 Words   |  5 Pagesthe influence media violence has on mass shootings. Next I will discuss a study relating to dating violence, certain movies and shows encourage dating violence. In conclusion, I will suggest that there should be censorship improvement on violent video games and television shows. To begin with, many studies have shown that media violence has an effect on aggression. Aggression can be defined as hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another. So aggression can be declared as a negative effectRead MoreFrom Toys to Practicality: Brain Computer Interface Technology900 Words   |  4 Pagesrely on muscle movements (Arrouet et al, 2005). The basis of this paper is examining how video games impact technology that can benefit research and development, military applications, and the medical field for people with speech and mobility disabilities These technology explanations were initially envisaged for assistive technology and lately for functions like controlling automatic sailboats, video games, military tasks and robots. Currently, BCIs continue being researched as an assistive technology

Modelling Alignment of Information Systems †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Modelling Alignment of Information Systems. Answer: Introduction Each organizations are currently facing wide range of issues with their managerial aspects those are frequently affecting their business environment. In order to resolve the issues of different enterprise proper ICT collaboration with structural and cultural changes are needed to be adopted by different business organization. For this particular design ambiance, common dominators, traditional and hierarchical formalized characteristics are needed to be adopted by the management companies. In order to develop this particular report the name of the nominated company is Bazaar Ceramics Studio. A strategic direction, plan with accurate objectives and ICT plan changing including change management plan after considering the change procedures and conventions are elaborated in this report. In addition to this, it has also been assumed that, the existing organizational design is very ineffective from the organizational perspectives and thus those issues are soon needed to be mitigated by developing according changes. It has been determined that, the proposed change management approach must have all the additional features. The ICT system plan change, new performance benchmarks, stakeholders agreement and training requirements are also elaborated in this report. The eventually growing numbers of competitors are the mostly highlighted issues for the ceramic company thus, a change management schedule, plan and resources are also illustrated in this report to reduce the work burden from the working members associated to the project. After analyzing the internal and external environment of Bazaar Ceramics it has been defined that, Strategic plans must be developed according to the strategic direction. For analyzing the current status of the company a SWOT analysis has been conducted. The company uses manual process while selling their products. The product ordering system is done with phone, fax and emails therefore it was quite time taking from the business perspectives. If an organization does not have proper strategies and plan then it would be very much difficult to focus on the strategic goal of the business organization. With the help of proper leadership strategies the function al and operational goals could be reached by the management authority. Strategic plan is not an one year operational plan but it indicates the desired continuity plan for improving the current organizational program, services and programs accordingly. With the help of strategic plan the company would be able to answer different questions: Currently what the company is doing and what the necessary changes those should be adopted for future sustainable success? For future sustainability what are the necessary successes factors those company currently not having but for needed to be adopted by the company for future success? The strategic direction and strategic plan that assists the company to lead the company to lead towards two different domains are as follows: It helps the company to define those particular domain or area that the company desires to reach in the upcoming future. With the key factors a very limited number of outcomes could be focused hat helps to bring leadership on the business organization. The higher management authority or the leadership team helps the company to make tough as well as beneficial choice for proper decision making. Therefore, it can be said that, strategic plan is a set of guideline rather than project objective. For developing insurance of the company broad time is needed to be spend by the management to achieve the objectives. Critical issues and strategic objectives It has been determined that Bazaar Ceramic company has many weaknesses for which the company is facing many threats. However, based on the critical issues a set of strategic objectives are also developed by the company. The critical issues associated to it are as follows: Gallery cost: Due to the extremely high running cost of the gallery for the maintenance of international marketing campaigning the rate of Return on Investment (ROI). From the gallery sales the main sources of revenue keep on continue. Over the past five years the price of the products enhanced and again the showroom of the company is increased dramatically. Manual processing: The orders processed manually for the cost selling products. Most of the times the staffs make mistakes while transcribing information from the server to the forms. Again, there was a chance of data redundancy due to the usage of multiple forms. Product handling: The remote workers handle the products in a double manner. Due to the presence of number of workers the project objectives are destructed. Issues with the company profit: The fix cost of the business gets increased due huge number of employees. The fix cost for the showroom has been enhanced dramatically. From the last three years the fixed cost of the showroom will increase. The Highly advertising cost and exchange rate reduced the product mark up. Due to negative Return on Investment (ROI) the printing cost also get enhanced eventually. Lack of IT support: The Ceramic Company failed to hire technical experts for implementing their operational and functional activities. Due to this reason the company does not have nay technical advancement and support as well. Lack of space in the showroom: The size of the showroom is quite small thus the owners failed to display all the desired according to the requirement. Insufficient information regarding sales: The Company failed to store information of the unusable products those are served by the company. Again data about the popular products were also not available in the company storage. Non-advanced advertising approach: The advertising approach or market campaigning approach used by the company is very weak. Due to unique features of each of the products the advertising brochures of the company has become obsolete. Again for the presence of online website application the rates of competition among the companies are increasing rapidly. Due to this reason, the bargaining power of the consumers and suppliers are also affected negatively. Strategic objectives To discover alternative gallery sales To develop an auto generated process for the employees To develop direct shopping process for the clients from the remote workers To diminish the fixed cost To employ technical staffs for the company To implement alternative gallery display To improve the existing feedback mechanism for the consumers To develop different alternative advertising method The ceramic company has traditional manual information transfer approach which is time consuming and costly as well. Again on the other hand, due to manual data processing it was quite difficult for the company to access information easily from the hand written server. Therefore, it is very much necessary for the company to produce proper change management plan for the company considering each relevant approaches. The change management plan developed for the company is as follows: The development team should develop request for the desired changes after analyzing the cost benefit chart of the company. They must gain professional business change acceptance The development project must be initiated according the requirement The change management gate must be passed properly Implementation of changes Result must be generated upon the changes A link must be established between the problems and the necessary changes Periodic audit must be brought in the change management plan The Bazaar Ceramics Studio is serving their operation from last 20 years. Though, the company started their business as a small one but currently they have grown their business to a large one. Based on the requirement of the consumers the functional and operational activities of the company were also changed in terms of transformation. In order to bring the company in a large plot of success the producing quality and individual development categories are also changed. It is expected that with these changes the company would be able to meet the requirement of the consumers. The major goal of the company is to produce unique hand crafted pieces for each of the both individual as well as collectors. It will help the company to showcase he best even design and art of the showcase. An extensive range of well crafted and designed domestic ware could be designed with the help of the ceramic technology. Therefore, professional ceramic technology and technical excellence will help the company to design art based showcase. The role of the project sponsor is to investment as per the feasibility study and based on the computing infrastructure the project manager should hire the sponsors of the project. It is expected that in order to develop the structure of LAN infrastructure, WAN structure, server and PCs (considering Celeron 2.4 GHz, 256MB RAM) is needed high capital investment for the successful implementation of the project. For successful project implementation capital is required for server software specified with MS windows 2000 server, MS IIS and Exchange also. To improve the existing business process by producing unique as well as hand crafted pieces for the consumers To make the selling and buying approach completely digitized for showcasing the Australian ceramic art and design To provide an extensive range of well crafted designed domestic are for the consumers To implement ceramic technology and by exploring the technical skills of the consumers By installing the Information System for the Ceramic Company it would be able to share the information securely. It means that without proper authentication none of the users would be able to access any information from the server. Rather it can be said that the employees would be able o insert and access information from the server accordingly. The change processes those will adopt in this project include the consumers engagements and information sharing accordingly. The principles those underpin the change plan include inclusiveness and timeliness as well. With the help of proper timeliness all the members who are associated to the project team would be able to implement the project of the ceramic company successfully. Security is the mostly highlighted ethical issues. The information set stored in the server must have proper authentication while accessing and inserting new information in the storage server. The profession and the future standard raised should have followed proper ethical aspects. It will help the project manager of the ceramic company to gain security based aspects accordingly. Proper firewall and DMZ are needed to be acquired to mitigate the ethical issues. The main elements of the change plan include system and technological changes. With the help of Information System the company would be able to focus on particular domain areas to implement the process and skills of the project team members accordingly. The list of project constraints needed for changes are as follows: Time: In order to make the necessary changes it is important to complete the project within estimated time that is within 2 years. Budget: It is expected that the project must be completed within $20,000 instead of the preliminarily estimated budget. Scope: Scope is another important component that is required for the change The risks those might rise with the changes are as follows: Resistance to change Scope creep Identification of the key stakeholders: Identification of the key stakeholders response to the change consider the style of communication required preferred media for communication Project manager The project manager is responsible to make such changes those will help to make the control and monitoring approach accurately Both downward communication and open communication Email, video conference and conferences. Finance manager For additional resources proper financial support is needed. The finance manager is responsible to complete the project within estimate finance. Downward communication and open communication Email, Frequently asking question, video conference and conferences. IS manager The IS manager will look into the ICT components for developing the cloud based information system. Downward communication and open communication Email, video conference and conferences, Frequently asking question. Operational manager The operation manager is responsible to make changes according to the requirement of the consumers. Open communication Email, video conference and conferences, Frequently asking question. Project team members In order to complete the task within estimated budget and time the project team members should work hard and sincerely. Open communication Frequently asking question The project level solution is not established directly on the other different hand the high level business strategies are developed by the project stakeholders to meet the requirement of the dissatisfied consumers by installing cloud based Information System. The elements those would support the changes include a workplace culture that might support the change and IS innovation. Yes, there is strong senior support from the finance manager and executive HR manager for making the changes. With the help of the change management the stakeholders would be able to serve the consumers a secured E-commerce based service to the consumers. Messages from the stakeholder perspective: The project manager wants to complete the project within estimated time and budget The IS manager wants to develop an Information System The operation manager wishes to implement B2B E-commerce for the consumers The main concern of the project stakeholder is to meet the requirement of the consumers. Additionally, the stakeholders are willing to deliver on time, quality and secured services to the consumers. For presenting the changes in a positive light the steps those should be followed include: Domain selection for Ecommerce website Selection of correct platform Designing the store outline Payment process setup Addition of products Showroom outlines designing Checkout process designing Detail analysis Identify Change Elements In order to make the necessary changes with structures, processes, responsibilities, a timeframes and performance measurement the project team is changed addition with professional IS experts and trained team. There is a transitional change associated to the project include development of online store besides the physical store. In order to manage the workload a change management plan according to timeframe has been developed by the project manager and project sponsors. Actions Who When Performance Measures Change for IS development Project manager During the measurement of the project success 360 degree feedback E-Commerce business strategy implementation IS manager Gathering feedback from the consumers Balance scorecard Installing security aspects including firewall, encryption and DMZ Operation manger During the collection of feedback from the existing consumers and new clients as well. Self evaluation Before the development of the change requirements it is necessary for the project manager to remove the organizational barriers like lack of social and technical support etc. In order to reinforce the changes the set of change policies and procedures those have been undertaken include the following: Wages of the staffs Workload of the project team members Induction of the staffs Health safety of the consumers Ergonomic presentation of the presentation Research study on IS management For evaluating the changes according to the project requirements it is necessary for the project manager to understand the improvements those are required. Before the final implementation unit testing and integrated testing of the IS should be done. Again security of the online site is also required for gaining measurable outcome. Change management plan WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors 0 Change management schedule 137 days Fri 11/3/17 Mon 5/14/18 1 Project initiation 29 days Fri 11/3/17 Wed 12/13/17 1.1 Understanding the background of Bazaar Ceramic Corporate 5 days Fri 11/3/17 Thu 11/9/17 1.2 Understanding the products details served by the company 6 days Fri 11/10/17 Fri 11/17/17 2 1.3 Details job profile analysis 7 days Wed 11/29/17 Thu 12/7/17 7,11 1.4 Developing mission statement 2 days Mon 11/20/17 Tue 11/21/17 3 1.5 Vision statement 4 days Fri 12/8/17 Wed 12/13/17 4 1.6 Developing project objective 5 days Wed 11/22/17 Tue 11/28/17 5 2 Project planning 50 days Fri 11/3/17 Thu 1/11/18 2.1 Feasibility study 8 days Thu 12/14/17 Mon 12/25/17 6,7 2.2 Critical issue analysis 5 days Tue 12/26/17 Mon 1/1/18 9 2.3 Goal development 5 days Fri 11/3/17 Thu 11/9/17 2.4 Strategic plan development 7 days Fri 11/10/17 Mon 11/20/17 11 2.5 SWOT analysis 6 days Tue 11/21/17 Tue 11/28/17 12 2.6 Strategic objective development 9 days Wed 11/29/17 Mon 12/11/17 13 2.7 Change in infrastructure 8 days Tue 1/2/18 Thu 1/11/18 10,11 3 Project execution 72 days Fri 1/12/18 Mon 4/23/18 3.1 ICT online service development 6 days Fri 1/12/18 Fri 1/19/18 15 3.2 Performance management 4 days Mon 1/22/18 Thu 1/25/18 17 3.3 Executing computer intranet 2 days Fri 1/26/18 Mon 1/29/18 18 3.4 LAN infrastructure 7 days Tue 1/30/18 Wed 2/7/18 19 3.5 WAN infrastructure 5 days Thu 2/8/18 Wed 2/14/18 20 3.6 Server 8 days Thu 2/15/18 Mon 2/26/18 21 3.7 Adoption of PCs 3 days Tue 2/27/18 Thu 3/1/18 22 3.8 Specification of server software item 15 days Fri 3/2/18 Thu 3/22/18 3.8.1 Operating system adoption 5 days Fri 3/2/18 Thu 3/8/18 23 3.8.2 Web server implementation 7 days Fri 3/9/18 Mon 3/19/18 25 3.8.3 Email adoption 3 days Tue 3/20/18 Thu 3/22/18 26,15 3.9 Specification of PC software item 22 days Fri 3/23/18 Mon 4/23/18 3.9.1 Operating system based on (2000 MS windows professional ) 6 days Fri 3/23/18 Fri 3/30/18 27 3.9.2 Web browser on MS IE6.0 4 days Mon 4/2/18 Thu 4/5/18 29 3.9.3 MS outlook based email 7 days Fri 4/6/18 Mon 4/16/18 30 3.9.4 Virus checking software adoption 5 days Tue 4/17/18 Mon 4/23/18 31 4 Project closure 15 days Tue 4/24/18 Mon 5/14/18 4.1 Post project evaluation 5 days Tue 4/24/18 Mon 4/30/18 32 4.2 Long term success 7 days Tue 5/1/18 Wed 5/9/18 34 4.3 Stakeholders signoff 3 days Thu 5/10/18 Mon 5/14/18 35 Policy and procedure for change management Wages of the staffs Workload of the project team members Induction of the staffs Health safety of the consumers Ergonomic presentation of the presentation Research study on IS management The business functionalities must be supported Information required supporting the described functions IT represents different information accordingly For supporting the business functions and data infrastructure needs support Technical objectives Support ICT benchmarks Quality programs Cost reduction and budget processing Improvement efforts for the business operation Managerial changes By implementing project changes in the business functions and operations it is expected that the company would be able to deliver quality, affordable products to the consumers through using both the offline and online selling approaches. Change management plan WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors 0 Change management schedule 137 days Fri 11/3/17 Mon 5/14/18 1 Project initiation 29 days Fri 11/3/17 Wed 12/13/17 1.1 Understanding the background of Bazaar Ceramic Corporate 5 days Fri 11/3/17 Thu 11/9/17 1.2 Understanding the products details served by the company 6 days Fri 11/10/17 Fri 11/17/17 2 1.3 Details job profile analysis 7 days Wed 11/29/17 Thu 12/7/17 7,11 1.4 Developing mission statement 2 days Mon 11/20/17 Tue 11/21/17 3 1.5 Vision statement 4 days Fri 12/8/17 Wed 12/13/17 4 1.6 Developing project objective 5 days Wed 11/22/17 Tue 11/28/17 5 2 Project planning 50 days Fri 11/3/17 Thu 1/11/18 2.1 Feasibility study 8 days Thu 12/14/17 Mon 12/25/17 6,7 2.2 Critical issue analysis 5 days Tue 12/26/17 Mon 1/1/18 9 2.3 Goal development 5 days Fri 11/3/17 Thu 11/9/17 2.4 Strategic plan development 7 days Fri 11/10/17 Mon 11/20/17 11 2.5 SWOT analysis 6 days Tue 11/21/17 Tue 11/28/17 12 2.6 Strategic objective development 9 days Wed 11/29/17 Mon 12/11/17 13 2.7 Change in infrastructure 8 days Tue 1/2/18 Thu 1/11/18 10,11 3 Project execution 72 days Fri 1/12/18 Mon 4/23/18 3.1 ICT online service development 6 days Fri 1/12/18 Fri 1/19/18 15 3.2 Performance management 4 days Mon 1/22/18 Thu 1/25/18 17 3.3 Executing computer intranet 2 days Fri 1/26/18 Mon 1/29/18 18 3.4 LAN infrastructure 7 days Tue 1/30/18 Wed 2/7/18 19 3.5 WAN infrastructure 5 days Thu 2/8/18 Wed 2/14/18 20 3.6 Server 8 days Thu 2/15/18 Mon 2/26/18 21 3.7 Adoption of PCs 3 days Tue 2/27/18 Thu 3/1/18 22 3.8 Specification of server software item 15 days Fri 3/2/18 Thu 3/22/18 3.8.1 Operating system adoption 5 days Fri 3/2/18 Thu 3/8/18 23 3.8.2 Web server implementation 7 days Fri 3/9/18 Mon 3/19/18 25 3.8.3 Email adoption 3 days Tue 3/20/18 Thu 3/22/18 26,15 3.9 Specification of PC software item 22 days Fri 3/23/18 Mon 4/23/18 3.9.1 Operating system based on (2000 MS windows professional ) 6 days Fri 3/23/18 Fri 3/30/18 27 3.9.2 Web browser on MS IE6.0 4 days Mon 4/2/18 Thu 4/5/18 29 3.9.3 MS outlook based email 7 days Fri 4/6/18 Mon 4/16/18 30 3.9.4 Virus checking software adoption 5 days Tue 4/17/18 Mon 4/23/18 31 4 Project closure 15 days Tue 4/24/18 Mon 5/14/18 4.1 Post project evaluation 5 days Tue 4/24/18 Mon 4/30/18 32 4.2 Long term success 7 days Tue 5/1/18 Wed 5/9/18 34 4.3 Stakeholders signoff 3 days Thu 5/10/18 Mon 5/14/18 35 Implement, monitoring and review change Project/Software Change Request Form Change request number: Project number and name, or Application name: Please fill Date submitted: Please fill Change initiator contact info: Please fill Change sponsor contact info: Please fill Project manager/analyst contact info: Please fill The following section is to be completed by the customer requesting the change. For this particular project the changes those are considered include the project budget, project quality, and project schedule and software new change and software requirement changes. The other changes are implementation of E-commerce business and cloud based IS system for storing the details of the products The reasons for which the project components are needed to be changed include the dissatisfy consumers, lack of legal support, lack of expertise. Due to these reasons the project manager is needed to bring these changes. The impacts of the changes those have been brought in this ceramic company are completely critical in nature because without these changes the additional changes cannot be developed. Requested completion date: 14/5//2018 Title of change: Implementation of cloud based IS Description of business problem: Information management, manual data access, Impact of NOT implementing the change, and alternatives. If this change will not implemented then the company would keep on facing the issues Describe how the system should behave: The IS system must be handled properly by the project manager Detailed requirements for requested change: For implementing the required changes all the technical aspects must be considered The following section is to be completed by the Technical Team (In 4 days). Estimate to complete: Customer hours Analyst hours Developer hours Tester hours Total hours Planning 16 16 7 8 47 Analysis 12 15 14 10 51 Design 15 12 17 18 62 Construction 20 12 14 15 61 Testing 5 4 6 4 19 Training 10 8 8 7 33 Deployment 6 6 6 4 23 Total hours 84 73 72 66 362 Schedule impact: The schedule will reduce the work load from the project manager by distributing it among the project team members Cost impact: The estimated cost of the project is defined as beneficial Resource impact: The resources highlighted for the project are required to be modified accordingly. The following section is to be completed by the Change Evaluation Team. Review date: 2912/2017 Reviewed by: Project manager Recommendation: Approved Recommendation notes: Technical Training for the workers Priority: Critical Change management plan or change Change in productivity Quality Price Process of selling The company should hire trained workers Training program must be arranged for the IT project team members The project team members must have proper knowledge and ideas about the project requirements. The stakeholders agreement is signed by the all the stakeholders associated to the project to ensure that the required change components are completely beneficial fro the users perspective. With the help of the training and development programs the E-commerce website could be handled accurately It will make the members much familiar with the project outcome It would help to make most of the recent technologies installed Valuable manpower could be created Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that in order to improve the existing business process of Bazaar Ceramic Corporation the ICT management is needed to be developed accordingly. Based upon the current situation accurate change management plan are also required to be adopted those are also illustrated in this report. In addition to this the critical issues associated to the company are identified those are mitigated with proper project objective. For reducing the work pressure from the project team members the work burden must be segmented accordingly and a proper change management schedule is also evaluated. Not only this but also, the level of competitors and the edge of competitive advantages are the other reasons to be highlighted. Initially the company has a offline services but in order to resolve the issues of offline services the company is willing to adopt online services accordingly. References Doppelt, B., 2017.Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for business, government and civil society. Routledge. Dumas, M., La Rosa, M., Mendling, J. and Reijers, H.A., 2013.Fundamentals of business process management(Vol. 1, p. 2). Heidelberg: Springer. Fawcett, S.E. and Waller, M.A., 2014. Can we stay ahead of the obsolescence curve? On inflection points, proactive preemption, and the future of supply chain management.Journal of business logistics,35(1), pp.17-22. Gershengorn, H.B., Kocher, R. and Factor, P., 2014. Management strategies to effect change in intensive care units: Lessons from the world of business. Part I. Targeting quality improvement initiatives.Annals of the American Thoracic Society,11(2), pp.264-269. Harmon, P., 2015. The scope and evolution of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 37-80). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.291-298. Hughes, R.T., Cox, K. and Akhir, E.P., 2016. Modelling the alignment of information systems and business strategy: an example from sustainable procurement. Inthe 24th International Software Quality Management (SQM) and INSPIRE Conference. Bournemouth: SQM/INSPIRE. Jussila, J.J., Krkkinen, H. and Aramo-Immonen, H., 2014. Social media utilization in business-to-business relationships of technology industry firms.Computers in Human Behavior,30, pp.606-613. Kuipers, B.S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J. and Van der Voet, J., 2014. The management of change in public organizations: A literature review.Public Administration,92(1), pp.1-20. Linnenluecke, M.K., Griffiths, A. and Winn, M.I., 2013. Firm and industry adaptation to climate change: a review of climate adaptation studies in the business and management field.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,4(5), pp.397-416. Love, P.E., Matthews, J., Simpson, I., Hill, A. and Olatunji, O.A., 2014. A benefits realization management building information modeling framework for asset owners.Automation in construction,37, pp.1-10. Mingers, J. and Leydesdorff, L., 2015. Identifying research fields within business and management: A journal cross-citation analysis.Journal of the Operational Research Society,66(8), pp.1370-1384. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Vom Brocke, J., Schmiedel, T., Recker, J., Trkman, P., Mertens, W. and Viaene, S., 2014. Ten principles of good business process management.Business process management journal,20(4), pp.530-548. Wirtz, B.W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S. and Gttel, V., 2016. Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives.Long Range Planning,49(1), pp.36-54.

Ming And Ottoman Empires Essay Example For Students

Ming And Ottoman Empires Essay Timothy S. PalkoWorld History IIDr. Skaff MWF 2:00-2:50World power can be seen today in two very different but extremely vast empires. They are the Ming Empire and the Ottoman Empire. To contrast these empires in order to predict their futures, it is necessary that I observe and analyze key factors such as leadership, military strengths and weaknesses, and morals among the people. The two empires have different types of leadership, and from this it is possible to find the core of any disadvantage. From the leadership, it is possible to continue into the military and values that these empires embody. The Ming Empire is led by brilliant philosophical scholars, The man who is promoted to the higher degrees in this field prides himself on the fact that he has in truth attained to the pinnacle of Chinese happiness (Andrea/Overfield 116). The Ottoman Empire has dedicated and knowledgeable leaders as well, but they are of a more warlike and brutish character. These leaders rise in service b y merit alone (Andrea/Overfield p.88). Indulging in the writings of Matteo Ricci, who observed first hand the workings of the Ming government, and the writings of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, who observed the government under Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire, the prediction of success will be able to be made knowledgably. The Ottoman Empire began around 1300 as a tiny state built on the strength of an army of Turkish nomad warriors and a few Christian converts to Islam in northwestern Anatolia (Bulliet 601). It quickly proved to be a military strength and threat to the surrounding civilizations. The Turks expanded their empire through brilliant military tactics, including using Janissaries on foot, who used the new weapon called a gun in battle, and the same horseback archery that made them so successful in their previous military accomplishments. The selection of Turkish leaders has greatly influenced the success of the Ottoman Empire. A Turks grandeur is not defined by his birth, ho wever; the respect to be paid to a man is measured by the position he holds in the public service (Andrea/Overfield 88). The men who attain office are not the products of hereditary luck, but partly the gift of God, and partly the result of good training, great industry, and unwearied zeal (Andrea/Overfield p.88). De Busbecq was greatly impressed by the way that these Turks found their leadership; he made it a point to describe their feelings towards it in detail. De Busbecq also wrote extensively about the military strengths of the Ottoman. The soldiers of the Ottoman army are well trained and experienced in the arts of warfare and survival. The distances they must travel are so great, that the soldiers often have to carry a pack horse on which they carry many of the necessaries of life (Andrea/Overfield 89). The weapon that was affluent and extremely effective among the soldiers is the Turkish bow. From the eighth, or even the seventh year of age they begin to shoot at a mark, and practice archery ten or twelve years. This constant exercise strengthens the muscles of their arms, and gives them such skill that they can hit the smallest marks with their arrows (Andrea/Overfield p.89). The great riches and skilled military forces have served this Empire well to this day. The Turks also showed very little ignorance towards new advancements in technology originated in other parts of the world. There is no nation that has shown greater readiness than the Turks to avail themselves of the useful inventions of foreigners, as is proved by their employment of cannons and mortars, and many other things invented by Christians (Andrea/Overfield p.89). These open-minded and innovative new ways of becoming a powerful country greatly impressed De Busbecq. It is true that no empire is without flaw, and the Ottoman is no exception. The Story Of Oedipus EssayHistory Essays

Experienceing The Game free essay sample

Experiencing The Gameby Matt Silverio, Bristol, CTYou step into the batters box and stare down the pitcher. You dig your feet in and take your practice cuts. You are now watching his every move, waiting to see the ball. The pitcher comes set, kicks his leg and you see it. The ball is coming down the heart of the plate. Your eyes almost pop out of your head. Its perfect and you swing. When you connect, you feel the ball give and you know that you hit it on the sweet spot. The ball sails over the left-fielders head and you round first base, heading for second. He picks it up and fires it in as you dive head-first to beat the throw. You look at the pitcher as he looks at you, and you smile.As you lead off second, you see the pitcher staring at you. We will write a custom essay sample on Experienceing The Game or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He kicks and delivers to the plate. Strike One, yells the umpire. You lead off again and he does not even look at you. You have a big lead and as he comes to his set, you take off for third and dive in head-first. Safe! yells the umpire. When you get up, you dust yourself off, look to the catcher and smile. He looks at you and punches his glove in frustration. The batter hits the next pitch into center field, the center-fielder catches it, you tag up from third base and sprint home. You beat the throw and are congratulated by high-fives. You sit down and feel great. As you watch the pitcher deliver, you can tell he is tired. He gets the next batter to ground out and he walks to the dugout. Before the other players are off the field, you get your glove and sprint to your position at shortstop. You feel great at short, since so many great players are playing (and have played) this position.The first batter walks: man on first. The pitcher then gets some words of encouragement from the players and coach. He then proceeds to come set, kick his leg and fire in strike after strike. One out, man on first. The second baseman and you are now at double play depth. The next pitch is hit right to the second baseman, he flips to you and you come across the bag smoothly and finish the double play by throwing a rocket to the first baseman.When you come into the dugout, once again you are mobbed with high-fives. Then you sit down and cheer on your teammates. As you see the last batter fly out to center to end the game, you really feel bad that you lost. But you know that you can walk back to the locker room with your head held high, because you know that you gave your all that game. Even though you lost, you cannot wait to come out on the field again tomorrow and do it all over again.

Assyrian Empire essays

Assyrian Empire essays There are two main reasons why the Neo-Assyrian Empire became so powerful between 934 610 B.C. First, through this era, the power of Assyria was largely dependant on the success of its army (Saggs, 1962). Winer (1961) states that the Assyrian military perfected the art of war. During this time period, some 180 punitive expeditions or campaigns were launched against foreign foes, rebellious vassals or other anti-Assyrian groups (Olmstead, 1923). Second, the Assyrians developed an efficient and effective administrative system with which to maintain, supply and expand their empire. In Assyria, warfare was a way of life (Saggs, 1962) and its government was run as a military state (Winer, 1961). Early wars had been like raids; undertaken to obtain booty, settle disputes over land and water rights, or fought for military notoriety. During the second Assyrian Empire, war became a part of the state policy. The raid was replaced by a detailed and carefully planned scheme of conquest (Sayce, 1899). The Assyrian Empire maintained a powerful standing army, not only to satisfy its imperialistic appetite, but also to safeguard the King against potential rebellious provincial governors. Sayce (1899) writes that nothing was spared to make the army as effective as possible. Army discipline was raised to the highest pitch of perfection, and its weapons and uniforms constantly underwent improvements (Sayce, 1899). Part of the army was composed of mercenaries, while another part was recruited by conscription (Sayce, 1899). Almost every male citizen had to bear arms. Only the essential services of bankers, carpenters, merchants and metal workers could, under special favour of the government expect to be occasionally made exempt from military service (Trueman, 1964). The army was directly commanded by the King, or at times, his commander-in-chief, the Tartannu (Sayce, 1899). The main force of the army consisted of light and ...

Compre and contrast education of a coach and quiet strength Essay

Compre and contrast education of a coach and quiet strength - Essay Example From the book, the author also highlighted coaching skills which mainly focused on character creation and considering the influence of God as a leader and a source of direction. The novel bases its creation of coaching skills in three main points: No excuses, No explanations Coach Dungy always wanted his players to take responsibility of all the actions they take up. In his argument this would make them great men not just great players. Taking responsibility of their actions created a perception in them to be responsible in life not just as players. In this coaching tactic, he encourages them to live by the word of Lord; the truth shall set you free (Dundy & Whitaker 114). He teaches his players to stop blaming others and from this is the only way they could be free and happy with their actions (Dundy & Whitaker 114). The Lord always gives us direction if we just have enough faith Dungy recognizes the influence and importance of God throughout his life and he wanted to replicate this success by enlightening his players on the importance of believing in the grace of God (Dungy & Whitaker 40). When he was sacked as the coach of Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he viewed this as a direction God has planned for him (Dungy & Whitaker 40). ... In Quiet Strength leadership tactics are also connected to those bearing characteristics of being able to retain a good relationship with God as well as people in the community. Dungy does not view his leadership and coaching responsibility for not only being able to win trophies and league games by the views his post as one supposed to be helpful to the society(Dungy & Whitaker 8). He practices social responsibility by ensuring he addresses issue in the community and enabling community members realize their importance in life. For instance, after the death of his son he realized the community had a deficiency in empowering its young population (Dungy & Whitaker 8). He empowered young people and enabled them to face life challenges in a more responsible way. He also enables parents who face the same challenges as him in regards to loosing a son face the situation in a more positive way (Dungy & Whitaker 8). â€Å"The education of a coach† David Halberstam was also an exception al coach and leader as his influence in the NFL remain significant to date in regards of his success story and relationship with his players. The coach however, focused more on building tactics based on the game rather than focusing on creation of great personality of his players. He believed that success in the game would replicate success in every other aspect of life. Since he was a child, he had the passion to be football sportsman and help from his father made this dream a reality (Halberstam 50). He grew up analyzing the game and analyzing the tactics from each and every game he watched. In most cases he was referred to s the chalk man, this was in regard to his tactful prowess and his drawing and writing character when he explained to his players what they had to do (Halberstam 40).

Commodity Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Commodity Trade - Essay Example The agreement aims at covering the bulk of the world trade in the commodity concerned and seeks to ensure corporative nature of the association. The associations also aim at safeguarding through participation, the interest of the producers and the consumers and insert provision that cater for all other entities (21). Any organization aims at implementing its provisions by carrying out specific functions that establish and strengthen their international accord. Challenges faced by the organizations International commodity agreements have been difficult to run and administer due to the current global economic crisis. There has been difficulties in the arranging and administering agreements partly due to technological problems surrounding the production and trading of products(27). The organizations have been facing the problem of conflicting interest between the importers and exporters where the importers want low quality products but of high prices. On the non-competitive imports, the importers require commodities of low prices and their respective quantity determined by demand. The international distribution of products is directly affected by government policy and the manner of trade restrictions within national bounds. Commodities transferred from the rich to the poor countries have an impact of accelerated economic impact. Large capitals are required to fulfill growth targets for the organizations and their payments are from the exchange earnings (29). For commodities that are largely produced in poor countries but consumed at the rich countries the agreement price set might be above the market levels or inelastic. These incidences give the market organizations to make negotiations with the producers who end up incurring losses or failing to strike a deal (31). The international trade organization having been facing another major challenge in the price stabilization, meant to implement support purchases. Theoretically, prices are set by the long term interli nk of the supply and demand to bring the equilibrium price and commodity. However, stabilization effect is not achieved in buffer stocks without heavy financial commitment (37). Failure to obey these, upward price fluctuations or heavy accumulation of inventories and burdensome will ultimately result. Currently (in order to reduce the risk of market volatile global markets) the international commodity trades are giving loans to the less developed countries. These loans are available to countries that have an annual shortage in annual shortage in the foreign exchange earnings due to commodity price declines. These loans are for compensatory effect to these countries (41). The compensatory financial scheme is operated strictly as a program to offset short-term market instability and global volatility. The recipient countries are to repay within five years. In order to curb the risk of volatility in the global market the terms of finances should be liberalized and the repayment made co ntingent upon recovery of the exports of a certain country (43). This makes the loan doable in all season unlike now where it can be taken only if the trading prices are high enough. ICC INCOTERMS Inco terms are international rules that are accepted rules accepted by governments, legal authorities, as well as practitioners

Prepareabriefingnoteforacolleaguewhohasjustbeenpromotedintoaleadership Essay

Prepareabriefingnoteforacolleaguewhohasjustbeenpromotedintoaleadership positionwithinyourorganization,oranorganizationwithwhichyouarefamiliar.Thenoteshould adviseyourcolleagueonwhatlead - Essay Example Secondly, I will brief him on the leadership theories that he could adopt for the effective management of the organisation. Thirdly, I will brief him on team work that is known to be one of the most important aspects of success within contemporary organisations. Finally, I will look into the culture of the organisation and how it impacts on decision-making. There are three important organisational theories namely scientific management, classical and bureaucratic theories. The bureaucratic theory is an impersonal framework and it could have its advantages and disadvantages within the organisation (Argyris, 2012:56). Excluding emotions within the organisation could infringe on creativity among the employees and minimizes the level of conflicts and could be the best approach while dealing with official matters in the business. The second theory is scientific management. This theory mainly focuses on employee motivation within the organisation (Barkin, 2006:13). Employee motivation is viewed as one of the major contributing factors towards success within the company. This is owing to the fact that a motivated work force works hard towards achieving the entity’s goals and objectives (Owens, 2007). This theory however notes that the major aspect contributing to employee motivation is based on compensation. Money is an important motiva ting factor among employees. However, it can be noted that other factors play an important part in employee motivation as well (Owens, 2007). The last theory is the Classical theory that is the most practical for the current situation. This concept takes the idea of employee motivation into a new level (Winkler, 2010:14). This is done by taking beliefs, ideals, values as well as the need for employee satisfaction into consideration (Owens, 2007). This is because intrinsic and extrinsic factors of motivation are important in employee motivation and satisfaction. However, the theory has a major weakness in that it employs

Development of Urbanization

Development of Urbanization Introduction: General overview of the subject: Through most of the human history, the human beings have lived rural areas for most of the human history, human beings depended on agricultural activities and hunting in order to survive. In 1800, only 3 percent of the worlds population lived in cities or urban areas. After one century, in 1900, about 14 percent of the world population were living in urban areas, although at that time only 12 cities had 1 million or more inhabitants. The increase of the urban citizens has continued in the industrial world until 1950, 30 percent of the worlds population resided in urban centres. The number of cities with over 1 million people had grown to 83, Champion, A (1989). Urbanization definition: Refers to the process of increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities. Historically, it has been closely linked with the industrial revolution where more people started moving to the cities in order to find jobs. This has happened,when more and more sources of energy were used to enhance and increase human productivity or industrialization, surpluses increased in both agriculture and industry. Larger and larger proportions of a population could live in cities. Economic forces were such that cities became the ideal places to locate factories and their workers. Counter urbanization: we are witnessing an anti-urbanization movement at the time beings people are trying to escape from living in the centres of large cities and escaping to outside the cities, this is creating mega cities and metropolitan regions. Counter urbanization trends: Counter urbanization in the UK in the 1980s Evidence from previous studies done by several research bodies including DEFRA (the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) highlights an increasing decline in population in large urban areas and main cities while an increase in population in rural areas, Evans, A Eversely, D(1980). Between 1981 and 1991, the population of the capital city of London and the metropolitan districts that surround London fell by approximately 903,000, whilst the population of the rest of England and Wales increased by approximately 846,000, Breheny and Rockwood, 1993), this information refers clearly to the fact that people are moving away from main cities. The population dispersal trends between 1981 and 1991 are a continuation of trends over a longer time of 50 years or more, Fothergill, S Gudgin, G (1982); this big movement from cities has started after the Second World War. Rural areas and small cities have experienced the highest population increases in percentage points and absolute terms. These changes in the number of the residents of rural areas have been accompanied by shifts in employment, retailing and economic structure but evidence suggests that the dispersal is associated with new ways of transportation such as fewer journeys by foot or bicycle and the increased reliance on private transport; people want to release themselves from the stress of travelling by tubes and buses inside big cities. Travel distance by trains in rural areas is more than 50 per cent higher than in large metropolitan areas, whilst travel distance by foot in rural areas is below half that in metropolitan areas. Counter urbanization in the UK in the 1990s: In the 1990s, the European and especially the British cities appear to be developing in a very complex ways, which make it harder to predict and plan urban and rural economic and social development programmers, there are contradictory and confusing results from the data that have been published by the European government. Much of the difficulty of the data, which are related to population growth, lies in the variation of population growth in different cities and different rural regions. Information about capital cities such as London indicate that there is continued growth of major-urban regions, particularly around the big cities such as London, Paris and Berlin, this expansion has been mainly caused by immigration, Stillwell, J . Rees, P Boden, P (1992) In the UK for example, the South East is the fastest growing region in the country. The same data also indicate that there is a major and continued geographical dispersal from the most heavily populated areas, which form the heart of these regions, including most of the capital cities such as London, Paris, Berlin, Copenhagen, with the most major counter urbanization happening where urban counter urbanization is driven by a major decline in the industrial production and the losses of major city jobs to rural areas such as Northampton. The major winners of this change are smaller cities and semi-urban areas within the outer parts of the same regions, which have been among the fastest growing urban Areas in Europe; in the very largest and densest urban regions (London, Randstad Holland), there is a process of long-distance counter-urbanization from the major capital cities to medium-sized cities in the surrounding rural areas. This shift is causing a rapid increase in the size of the Greater cities such as Greater London and Greater Paris while there is a clear trend of decline in the number of people who are living in the central parts of the city, Cameron, C (1980). Change in Land use in the UK: The urban exodus of the population and its economic activities has caused a substantial increase in pressure and urgency to develop semi-urban land. More than half of the area that the government has used in order to develop new housing projects was developed on Greenfield land in 1985. Whereas just under 40 per cent of the area of new housing was built on Greenfield land in 1994. The substantial increase in the use of Greenfield land continues to rise although it is still a smaller proportion of total land used. The use of Greenfield land could also increase more if the supply of abandoned land or Brownfield land falls. Government statistics show that the increase in the Greenfield land could be well beyond the government expectations because the increase in the use of Greenfield land will not be exclusively for housing; building houses will require building power stations, refineries, factories, roads and other facilities that are required in order to make life possible in the new housing centres. The government want the number of new households to increase by 4.4 million by 2016, Rural Development Commission (1998). The HM is addressing the problem by giving the following prediction: if we assume that 40 per cent of these newly-built houses are built on Greenfield sites at a gross density of 40 houses per hectare (which is well above the average local authority density standard reported by Breheny and Archer, 1998), 44,000 hectares of Greenfield land will be required (equivalent to 1,760 hectares per year). A similar amount of land may be required to accommodate the development of industry, commerce and transport infrastructure, HM Government (1996) The increase in the number of houses in small and semi-urban towns and some villages can create opportunities; this urban exodus could help develop rural areas which have suffered from economic decline for a long-time or suffered from a prolonged population imbalances such as the number of males is bigger than the number of females or the number of elderly is bigger than the number of young people this type of socio-economic structural problems could be solved by the new use of land; meeting the needs of the British People by building affordable housing in rural areas could encourage many young people to choose to live in rural areas where they can work and create value to the local economy of that area; and, if the government could carefully plan these local economies by providing schools and hospitals, the employment rate will increase and there would be a better quality of life for all the citizens of that area. The impact on employment: The continuing decline of the industrial sector and the rise in the service sector made the service sector dominate the economy and demand skills and expertise very different to those demanded of an industrial economy. The service sector has created job opportunities in a different urban and rural locations. There is now greater choice in terms of workplace locations, the service sector has improved the quality of life to the people who choose to live outside big cities, the service sector is providing its employees with spacious car parks, huge shopping centers, cheaper prices and good quality of air and high standard of living One consequence has been the depletion of those industries and services that were once the cornerstone of urban living. The city centre is not the only place where people get jobs and buy their essentials in the same time longer, Massey,D Meegan, R(1982). The end of the dominance of the city centre has caused important economic consequences known as â€Å"centralization of services† Companies and governments are trying to concentrate their services in the city in few places in order to increase the efficiency of their investments. This is very noticeable in the retail sector; for example, Tesco has concentrated most of its stores in major places in the city. This increased concentration by big companies has caused a decline of competition because small retailers are not able to compete on an equal footing with big retailers. The impact of the urban exodus on the economic activity in the city: The evolving development of out-of-town shopping centres and retail parks has increased the demand to the use of green field land and has also contributed to the noticeable decline of major city centres. Large out of town retail centres covered an estimated 1.4 million square metres in 1985 and almost 4.7 million square metres by the end of 1990, representing more than a three-fold increase in 5 years (Department of the Environment, 1996). Even when the general growth in the economic activity was slower the increase in out of town development has continued although the industrial output continued to drop for reasons related to the lack of competitiveness of Britain compared to India and china W. Lever (1987). The government is finding itself obliged to build more hospitals, schools and public transport as a result of this exodus from the city. The single most important fact here is the how to predict the expansion of the metropolitan cities and the new semi-urban regions in order to start providing the infrastructure for the citizens. In a society where people are trying to work less hours, the government will find it extremely difficult to provide the infrastructure and the services that the people need to live in the new regions. Postindustrial thinkers argue that since the end of Second World War there has been a major shift in the values of most of the industrial world towards peaceful coexistence and understanding of the notion of the life and appreciating this virtue. These postindustrial values of peace, freedom, creativity, coexistence, belonging, and democracy. The old values of the past which depended on materialism and political extremism in order to control markets, occupy countries and sell products overseas has finished now and has been replaced by more noble values, embraced by dynamic populations who want to live away from the materialist values of the big cities, the people of Britain today want to live the emotional side of the live and become more passionate This is the value of the post-industrialization in the British and the European societies, Fielding, A(1982). The other side of the argument says that the government might be right in reducing the deindustrialization in the UK because some areas are losing their ability to recreate their economic power in creating values the transition is better if it is slow, R. Martin B Rowthorn(1986) Economic growth and immigration: Controlled immigration is the only way to help economic growth and social coherence in the society. Immigration could have a positive economic impact but it may cause social unrest if immigrants did not blend into the society, P. Boyle, K. Halfacree and V. Robinson(1998) The impact of the change in land use on the British energy sector: Energy supply is one of the fundamental issues that determine the competitiveness of the British economy; the change in land use will change the consumption of energy in the UK. Generally, Britain is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, which are CO2 intensive fuels and the source of theses fuels is outside the UK, the increasing consumption of the fossil fuel indicates to the increasing depletion of non-renewable resources and the emissions of greenhouse gases, which is the major pollutant associated with the combustion of fossil fuels (such as carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides). Statistics refer to the fact that the UK energy consumption per capita remained fairly constant in the last ten years, Energy consumption in the industry and commerce sectors decreased because of the contraction of the industrial activity in the UK, whilst domestic energy consumption per capita remained fairly constant. At the same time, energy consumption in the transport sector increased. The transport sector is now considered to be the largest and fastest increasing consumer of energy, this is due principally to the increase in travel distances resulting from the change in the land use in Britain, the growth in long-distance road and air transport and the decline in sustainable ways of transportation such as walking and cycling has affected the energy consumption, this has made the cost of travelling by trains very expensive. Regarding using cars, the UK is constantly changing the legislations regarding vehicle engines in order to make them more energy-efficient by using improved fuels such as unleaded petrol, catalytic converters and higher specifications and performance which is tended to counter the fuel efficiency gains from improved engine design. These factors, together with a fall in the average numbers of passengers per car and a fall in bus use, caused a reduction in the overall fuel efficiency of long-distance road passenger transport. The change of land use resulting from urban exodus is causing an increase in the usage of fossil fuels because transportation is increasingly becoming between more distant places, this has a negative effect on the competitiveness of the British Economy. The impact of change of land use on the composition of the labour force: Women are finding it extremely difficult to live in crowded cities, women think that there is a continuous deterioration in the standard of life in big cities; the increasing crime in major cities is being viewed as a threatening environment to women and children. The exodus of workingwomen from big cities is linked to women’s inability to deal with violent environment that has been caused by the inability of the citizens to live side by side with each other in urban places. Stress also is a major driver for the exodus of women from big cities for example the delay that is caused by broken lifts and crowded streets is considered a major cause of women urban exodus. Women also tend to see big cities as dirty and unhealthy; women do not like litter, cracked pavements, and polluted air. Racism against women in big cities is a major cause of women exodus from urban areas, the current work environment in big cities is very competitive and women are reported to be the victim of this competition, Lever, W Bailly, A(1996). The impact of counter urbanization on families and spatial dynamics: The family is the basic cell in the society, the family n its own is an economy cell; in each family there are producers and consumers, having a family could be an incentive to produce and be more productive, the deindustrialization and the preferences to live longer time without bringing children could have a negative impact on the wealth of the society if no other forms of economic growth has been enhanced Crafts, N (1993) Counter urbanization has an impact on the family and in turn on the whole economy. The shape of the family is more dynamic and fluid than ever before, members of the families do not live together for a long time as they used to do before The UK has a diverse family patterns and structures, Family life also has a strong spatial dynamics, fathers and mothers prefer to live in rural or semi-urban places once they get a job opportunity outside the city or once they retire while their children prefer to stay in the city because they do not feel the stress that the fathers and mothers feel and because they enjoy the buzz of the city. This has a big economic impact on the economics of cities and rural areas. Cities are getting crowded with young enthusiastic people who are ready to do anything possible in order to build their lives while the rural or semi-urban regions are getting more middle age and old man and women, this makes the rural areas less productive, Hausner, V (1985). The break of the families put an increasing pressure on the transportation system because young people prefer to travel in the weekend and the public holidays to see their parents in the rural and semi-urban regions, this will mean building more roads and causing pollution and increase in the energy use in the country. Conclusion: the government will have a difficult task in planning and funding new housing and new infrastructure in rural and semi-urban areas, the societies of the Western World are aging and old people prefer to live in the countryside which makes them less-productive because they do not utilise their full potential after the age of sixty although they are able to work more hours. The government is trying to compensate that by allowing immigrants to the UK in order to work and create value, the number of immigrants to the UK is bigger than the number of new British born children, Champion, T Fotheringham, S (1998) The government should encourage immigrant to live where they can create value to the British economy, immigration has benefited Britain in creating economically active metropolitan cities such as London, Goddard, J Champion, A (1983). This is making a skills gap in the big cities; there is more unskilled labour in the cities than skilled labour, London has lost 212,000 jobs between 1981 and 1996 while the rest of the south east has gained 556,000 jobs, Turok Edge (1999). In my opinion the government should direct the people to reside in areas that have the potential to develop because not all areas have the same chances of growth, Allen, J Massey, D, Cochrane, A , Charlesworth,J, Court, G, Henry,N and Sarre, P(1998) Reference: Allen, J Massey, D, Cochrane, A , Charlesworth,J, Court, G, Henry,N and Sarre, P(1998): Rethinking the Region. Breheny M. (1992). Towards Sustainable Urban Development. In: Mannion, A.M. and Bowlby, S.R. (eds.) Environmental Issues in the 1990s . John Wiley and Sons Ltd., London. pp. 277-290. C.M. Law British Regional Development since World War I Cameron, C(1980): The Future of the British Conurbations. Champion, A (1989): Counter urbanization: The Changing Pace and Nature of Population De-concentration Champion, T Fotheringham, S? (1998): The Determinants of Migration Flows in England, the office of the deputy prime minister. Craft, N(1993): Can De-industrialisation Seriously Damage Your Wealth? Institute of Economic Affairs Hobart Paper 120, 1993. Evans, A Eversely, D(1980): The Inner City: Employment and Industry. Fielding, A(1982): Counter urbanisation in Western Europe, Progress in Planning Vol. 17, 1982 Fothergill, S Gudgin, G (1982) Unequal Growth: Urban and Regional Change in the U. K., Goddard, J Champion, A (1983): The Urban and Regional Transformation of Britain. Hausner, V(1985): Critical Issues in Urban Economic Development. HM Government (1996): Household Growth: Where Shall We Live? Lever, W Bailly, A(1996): The Spatial Impact of Economic Changes in Europe. Massey,D Meegan, R(1982): The Anatomy of Job Loss. P. Boyle, K. Halfacree and V. Robinson (1998): Exploring Contemporary Migration. R. Martin B Rowthorn(1986): The Geography of Deindustrialisation. Rural Development Commission (1998): Memorandum by the Rural Development Commission (H54) the United Kingdom Parliament. Stillwell, J. Rees, P Boden, P (1992): Migration Processes and Patterns, Volume 2: Population Redistribution in the U. K. Turok Edge (1999): The jobs gap in Britains cities. W. Lever(1987): Industrial Change in the United Kingdom.

Essay --

Personal respond of the text â€Å"on the rainy river† The role of relationship you have with other people often has direct influence on the individual choices and belief in the life. In the short story â€Å"on the rainy river†, the author Tim O’Brien inform us about his experiences and how his interacted with a single person had effected his life so could understand himself. It is hard for anyone to be dependent on just his believes and own personal experience, when there are so many people with different belief to influence you choices and have the right choices for you self. Occasionally taking experience and knowledge of other people to help you understand and build from them your own identity and choices in life. Throughout the story, O’Brien speaks about his adventure with man by the name Elroy Berdahl, the owner of the fishing lodge that O’Brien stays at while on he want to run away from his responsibility. O’Brien describe Elroy as â€Å"Elroy Berdahl: eighty-one years old, skinny and shrunken and mostly bald... His eyes had the bluish gray color of a razor blade, the same polished shine, and as he peered at me I felt a strange sharpness, almost painful, a cutting sensation, as if his gaze were somehow slicking me open.† O’Brien give the reader a clear idea about what Elroy looked like and how he the big influence on his, he eels Elroy can see the pain and desire inside of him. The circumstance of O’Brian has while he was their helping him to find and realize what his true believes and personality. The author of the story gives the audience the sense that our personal understanding of self is built on the role of relationship we have with others. There are many things that could influence the person choices such as family, friend... ...es â€Å"behaving like his hero from his youth.† while he was at the river to describe his thought and feeling and why he did decided to go to war rather than run away. His thought of going to war was, so he does not be guilty man in front of his family and friends. In either way the people you met throughout your life has always influence to build your moral character and your personal understanding of self. Everyone had influenced by their surrounding. Your personal identities and choices in life are based on the role of the relationship you have with others. This helps you to realize who you are and what you need in the life. The combination of all you learns come together to give you a clear idea of what your needs, values, and belief in this life. Finally, it is clear that the role of relationship play an important role in the framework of our personal identities. Essay -- Personal respond of the text â€Å"on the rainy river† The role of relationship you have with other people often has direct influence on the individual choices and belief in the life. In the short story â€Å"on the rainy river†, the author Tim O’Brien inform us about his experiences and how his interacted with a single person had effected his life so could understand himself. It is hard for anyone to be dependent on just his believes and own personal experience, when there are so many people with different belief to influence you choices and have the right choices for you self. Occasionally taking experience and knowledge of other people to help you understand and build from them your own identity and choices in life. Throughout the story, O’Brien speaks about his adventure with man by the name Elroy Berdahl, the owner of the fishing lodge that O’Brien stays at while on he want to run away from his responsibility. O’Brien describe Elroy as â€Å"Elroy Berdahl: eighty-one years old, skinny and shrunken and mostly bald... His eyes had the bluish gray color of a razor blade, the same polished shine, and as he peered at me I felt a strange sharpness, almost painful, a cutting sensation, as if his gaze were somehow slicking me open.† O’Brien give the reader a clear idea about what Elroy looked like and how he the big influence on his, he eels Elroy can see the pain and desire inside of him. The circumstance of O’Brian has while he was their helping him to find and realize what his true believes and personality. The author of the story gives the audience the sense that our personal understanding of self is built on the role of relationship we have with others. There are many things that could influence the person choices such as family, friend... ...es â€Å"behaving like his hero from his youth.† while he was at the river to describe his thought and feeling and why he did decided to go to war rather than run away. His thought of going to war was, so he does not be guilty man in front of his family and friends. In either way the people you met throughout your life has always influence to build your moral character and your personal understanding of self. Everyone had influenced by their surrounding. Your personal identities and choices in life are based on the role of the relationship you have with others. This helps you to realize who you are and what you need in the life. The combination of all you learns come together to give you a clear idea of what your needs, values, and belief in this life. Finally, it is clear that the role of relationship play an important role in the framework of our personal identities.

Custom Van

Custom Vans, Inc. , specializes in converting standard vans into campers. Depending on the amount of work and customizing to be done, the customizing could cost less than $1,000 to more than $5,000. In less than four years, Tony Rizzo was able to expand his small operation in Gary, Indiana, to other major outlets in Chicago, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, and Detroit. Innovation was the major factor in Tony’s success in converting a small van shop into one of the largest and most profitable custom van operations in the Midwest.Tony seemed to have a special ability to design and develop unique features and devices that were always in high demand by van owners. An example was Shower-Rific, which was developed by Tony only six months after Custom Vans, Inc. , was started. These small showers were completely self-contained, and they could be placed in almost any type of van and in a number of different locations within a van. Shower-Rific was made of fiberglass and contained towel racks, built-in soap and shampoo holders, and a unique plastic door.Each Shower-Rific took 2 gallons of fiberglass and 3 hours of labor to manufacture. Most of the Shower-Rifics were manufactured in Gary in the same warehouse where Custom Vans, Inc. , was founded. The manufacturing plant in Gary could produce 300 Shower-Rifics in a month, but this capacity never seemed to be enough. Custom Van shops in all locations were complaining about not getting enough Shower Rifics, and because Minneapolis was farther away from Gary than the other locations, Tony was always inclined to ship Shower-Rifics to the other locations before Minneapolis.This infuriated the manager of Custom Vans at Minneapolis, and after many heated discussions, Tony decided to start another manufacturing plant for Shower-Rifics at Fort Wayne, Indiana. The manufacturing plant at Fort Wayne could produce 150 Shower-Rifics per month. The manufacturing plant at Fort Wayne was still not able to meet current demand for Shower-Ri fics, and Tony knew that the demand for his unique camper shower would grow rapidly in the next year. After consulting with his lawyer and banker, Tony concluded that he should open two new manufacturing plants as soon as possible.Each plant would have the same capacity as the Fort Wayne manufacturing plant. An initial investigation into possible manufacturing locations was made, and Tony decided that the two new plants should be located in Detroit, Michigan; Rockford, Illinois; or Madison, Wisconsin. Tony knew that selecting the best location for the two new manufacturing plants would be difficult. Transportation costs and demands for the various locations should be important considerations. The Chicago shop was managed by Bill Burch. This Custom Van shop was one of the first established by Tony, and it continued to outperform the other locations.The manufacturing plant at Gary was supplying 200 Shower-Rifics each month, although Bill knew that the demand for the showers in Chicago was 300 units. The transportation cost per unit from Gary was $10, and although the transportation cost from Fort Wayne was double that amount, Bill was always pleading with Tony to get an additional 50 units from the Fort Wayne manufacturer. The two additional manufacturing plants would certainly be able to supply Bill with the additional 100 showers he needed. The transportation costs would, of course, vary, depending on which two locations Tony picked.The transportation cost per shower would be $30 from Detroit, $5 from Rockford, and $10 from Madison. Wilma Jackson, manager of the Custom Van shop in Milwaukee, was the most upset about not getting an adequate supply of showers. She had a demand for 100 units, and at the present time, she was only getting half of this demand from the Fort Wayne manufacturing plant. She could not understand why Tony didn’t ship her all 100 units from Gary. The transportation cost per unit from Gary was only $20, while the transportation cost from Fort Wayne was $30. Wilma was hoping that Tony would select Madison for one of the manufacturing locations.She would be able to get all of the showers needed, and the transportation cost per unit would only be $5. If not Madison, a new plant in Rockford would be able to supply her total needs, but the transportation cost per unit would be twice as much as it would be from Madison. Because the transportation cost per unit from Detroit would be $40, Wilma speculated that even if Detroit became one of the new plants, she would not be getting any units from Detroit. Custom Vans, Inc. , of Minneapolis was managed by Tom Poanski. He was getting 100 showers from the Gary plant. Demand was 150 units.Tom faced the highest transportation costs of all locations. The transportation cost from Gary was $40 per unit. It would cost $10 more if showers were sent from the Fort Wayne location. Tom was hoping that Detroit would not be one of the new plants, as the transportation cost would be $60 per unit. Rockford and Madison would have a cost of $30 and $25, respectively, to ship one shower to Minneapolis. The Detroit shop's position was similar to Milwaukee’s—only getting half of the demand each month. The 100 units that Detroit did receive came directly from the Fort Wayne plant.The transportation cost was only $15 per unit from Fort Wayne, whereas it was $25 from Gary. Dick Lopez, manager of Custom Vans, Inc. , of Detroit, placed the probability of having one of the new plants in Detroit fairly high. The factory would be located across town, and the transportation cost would be only $5 per unit. He could get 150 showers from the new plant in Detroit and the other 50 showers from Fort Wayne. Even if Detroit was not selected, the other two locations were not intolerable. Rockford had a transportation cost per unit of $35, and Madison had a transportation cost of $40.Tony pondered the dilemma of locating the two new plants for several weeks before deciding t o call a meeting of all the managers of the van shops. The decision was complicated, but the objective was clear—to minimize total costs. The meeting was held in Gary, and everyone was present except Wilma. Tony: Thank you for coming. As you know, I have decided to open up two new plants at Rockford, Madison, or Detroit. The two locations, of course, will change our shipping practices, and I sincerely hope that they will supply you with the Shower-Rifics that you have been wanting.I know you could have sold more units, and I want you to know that I am sorry for this situation. Dick: Tony, I have given this situation a lot of consideration, and I feel strongly that at least one of the new plants should be located in Detroit. As you know, I am now only getting half of the showers that I need. My brother, Leon, is very interested in running the plant, and I know he would do a good job. Tom: Dick, I am sure that Leon could do a good job, and I know how difficult it has been since the recent layoffs by the auto industry.Nevertheless, we should be considering total costs and not personalities. I believe that the new plants should be located in Madison and Rockford. I am farther away from the other plants than any other shop, and these locations would significantly reduce transportation costs. Dick: That may be true, but there are other factors. Detroit has one of the largest suppliers of fiberglass, and I have checked prices. A new plant in Detroit would be able to purchase fiberglass for $2 per gallon less than any of the other existing or proposed plants. Tom: At Madison, we have an excellent labor force.This is due primarily to the large number of students attending the University of Madison. These students are hard workers, and they will work for $1 less per hour than the other locations that we are considering. Bill: Calm down, you two. It is obvious that we will not be able to satisfy everyone in locating the new plants. Therefore, I would like to sugge st that we vote on the two best locations. Tony: I don’t think that voting would be a good idea. Wilma was not able to attend, and we should be looking at all of these factors together in some type of logical fashion.